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Understanding Captions & Subtitles

The terms captioning and subtitling may be confusing to some readers. Both terms relate to the addition of onscreen text that renders dialogue. But captioning and subtitling are significantly different:

1. Captions are intended for deaf and hard-of-hearing audiences. The assumed audience for subtitling is hearing people who do not understand the language of dialogue.
2. Captions move to denote who is speaking; subtitles are almost always set at bottom centre.
3. Captions can explicitly state the speaker’s name:
1. [MARTIN]
2. >> Announcer:
3. ORIGINAL CAST OF "ANNIE":
4. Captions notate sound effects and other dramatically significant audio. Subtitles assume you can hear the phone ringing 翻譯公司 the footsteps outside the door 翻譯公司 or a thunderclap.
5. Subtitles are usually open (permanent 翻譯公司 always visible). Captions are usually closed (selectable; you can turn them on or off). Closed subtitles, however, are now more numerous due to the popularity of DVDs.
6. Captions are usually in the same language as the audio. Subtitles are usually a translation.
7. Subtitles also translate onscreen type in another language, e.g., a sign tacked to a door, a computer monitor display 翻譯公司 a newspaper headline, or opening credits.
8. Subtitles never mention the source language. A film with dialogue in multiple languages will feature continuous subtitles that never indicate that the source language has changed. (Or only dialogue in one language will be subtitled.)
9. Captions tend to actually transcribe and render utterances in a foreign language, or transliterate that dialogue if a different writing system is used 翻譯公司 or state the name of the language being spoken.
10. Captioning aims to render all utterances. Subtitles are selective and do not bother to duplicate some verbal forms, e.g., proper names uttered in isolation (“Jacques!”) 翻譯公司 words repeated (“Help! Help! Help!”), song lyrics, phrases or utterances in the target language, or phrases the worldly hearing audience is expected to know (“Danke schön”).
11. Captions render tone and manner of voice where necessary:
1. ( whispering )
2. [BRITISH ACCENT]
3. [ Vincent 翻譯公司 Narrating ] 。-> 翻譯社|,-> 翻譯公司|的-> 翻譯
4. (Sings like Elvis)
12. A subtitled program can be captioned (subtitles first, captions later). Captioned programs aren’t subtitled after captioning.

In U.K. English 翻譯公司 subtitling is used to mean both captioning and subtitling. Canadian, American, New Zealand, and Australian English do not make that mistake, and neither will we here.